Overview
New emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and HIV are public health issues that continue to challenge the medical world. Changes in the environment, human mobility, antibiotic resistance, and other factors can cause the recurrence or emergence of these diseases.
The new emerging infectious disease is a disease that has never been detected before and has just emerged in humans. It can arise as a result of the evolution of pathogens, human interaction with wild animals, environmental changes, or a genetic shift in the existing pathogen.
Examples of new emerging infectious diseases are SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world including Indonesia. That caused a global pandemic with tremendous health and economic impacts. At the end of the pandemic, the president declared the Covid-19 pandemics to be endemic on June 21, 2023 by lifting the COVID-19 Public Health Status Declaration No. 11 of 2020, the Non-Specific Disaster Declarations No. 12 of 2020 as a National Disaster and the 24th of 2023 as a Fact-Status Determination of the Covit-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. With the current endemic status, patients who have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease still need special isolated treatment rooms.
Re-emerging infectious diseases are diseases that have been declared to be controlled or even eliminated, but then reappear and show increased incidence over a certain period of time such as diphtheria and polio.
HIV infection is a global health problem with a considerable number of cases, including in Indonesia. Since the first cases of AIDS were in 1985, the number of HIV cases has continued to rise. Since 2000, the prevalence of HIV in Indonesia has risen to over 5% among key populations, such as injectable napza users, sex workers, civilians, LSL, so Indonesia is said to have entered the phase of a concentrated epidemic.
Although at the end of 2010 Indonesia was still at a low epidemic rate of 0.2%, a number of provinces were already in a concentrated epidemics and widespread epidemies. (generalized epidemic). It suggests that all efforts are still needed to reduce the number of new infections, AIDS-related deaths, and improve the quality of life of people infected with HIV and the risk of opportunistic infection, including those receiving antiretroviral therapy.
In order to this, the Ministry of Health has expanded HIV services in more than 350 hospitals by issuing Decree No. 780/MENKES/SK/IV/2011 of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia on the Establishment of Advanced Reference Hospitals for People with HIV and AIDS. The National Hospital of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, as a national reference hospital since 1985, has been dealing with HIV cases, has been a pioneer in HIV medicine, and has an Integrated Service Facility for HIV and Infectious Diseases.
In view of the prolonged pandemic, the potential of covid-19 becoming a routine disease in Indonesia, and the challenges facing other cases of infectious infections both emerging and re-emerging, according to the Decree of the Director of the Regulations of the Principal Director of RSUP National Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo No. HK.02. 03/4.2/1250/2021 on the Organizational Structure and Working System of the Installation of Integrated Services of Infectious Diseases HIV and Infectional Diseases in the National RSUP Dr.
HIV and Infectious Diseases Integrated Service Installation (Road Care, Hospitals and Intensive Care), Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV and infectious diseases IPT, KTS Services (Consulting and Voluntary Testing), HIV Testing Services on Health Officers Initiative (TIPK), Pre-ARV Counselling Services, Post ARV counselling, ARV break-up counseling, Arv Treatment and Opportunistic Infection Services, Mother-to-Child Prevention Services, Transition Service from Child to Adult, Occupational Prevention and ARV Pharmaceutical Services.
